Books and treatises relating to the General Prophethood and to

    the Prophethood of Muhammad, its proofs, signs and establishment.  


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    Dalā'il al-nubuwwa   (Testimonia to the Prophethood of Muhammad); Ithbāt al-nubuwwa  (The Establishment of the Prophethood)

    A`lamāt al-nubuwwa  (The Signs of Prophethood) Hujaj al-Nubuwwa (Proofs of the Prophethood) -`Alamat al-Nubuwwa (Signs of the Prophethood)... 

 

Primary Sources: Dalā'il al-nubuwwa   (Testimonia to the Prophethood of Muhammad) and asociated apologietic writings.

            As a result of contact with other faiths, works falling within the Dalā’il  literary genre  appeared at least from the time of 9th centry CE (Kister, CHAL. 1:355) some bearing the title al`ām al‑nubuwwah (Proofs of the Prophethood). They embody apologetic proofs of the Prophet Muhammad, stories of his miraculous and wonderful  deeds as compared and contrasted with those of pre‑Islamic Prophets. Among the earliest examples of this literary genre is the K. Tathbīt Dalā'il al‑Nubuwwah  (The Book of the Establishment of the Proofs of the Prophethood) by  al‑Jāiẓ (d.256/870) (see further Kister, CHAL. 1983/:355f).

            A Kitāb al‑Dalā’il  was written in proof of the Prophet and the Imams by `Abū al‑`Abbas Ma īk b.  Jāmi` al‑Ḥimyār ī [al‑Qummī] (d.c. 300/912). It is lost but has been cited by Ibn Tāwūs  and in Majlisī in his Biār al-anwar 4:392‑442 (see Matar, 1993; Kohlberg, xxxx). .  

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            The Shāfi` ī jurist and Mu`tazilite theologian al‑QāÞi Abū’l‑Ḥasan b. Amad al‑Hamadānī (d. 41?/ 1035) known as `Abd al‑Jabbār wrote in 385/995 a work establishing the prophethood of Muhammad, the Tathb īt dalā’il al‑nubuwwa nahiyyinā Muhammad  as well as other important theological works and a refutation of Christianity (‑‑>) ( Stern EI21:59‑60; Anawat ī, ERel. 1:3‑4).

Pines, Stern and others have discussed whether this work reflects the influence of possibly pre‑Islamic, Judaeo‑Christian materials.  The section of Christians includes polemic against the three main Christian factions, Jacobites, Nestorians and Orthodox. The position of Paul is that of a manipulator of the primitive ecclesia who was crucified horizontally. Jesus was not God’s Son neither was he crucified. In this work Abd al‑ Jabbār has it that the original Gospel given to Jesus is no longer in the possession  of Christians. Similar agruments were made Ibn Hazm in his Al‑Fiḍal fi’l‑milal.. `The Bahā’ ī leader Abd al‑Bahā’ also held to a form of this belief when he stated in one of his numerous alwā  that the lost original Gospel was in Hebrew (  ADD). The Gospel as cited here by `Abd al‑Jabbār  reckons that Jesus’ childhood sojurn in Egypt lasted for twelve years (Pines, 1966 [Jewish Christians] 51; cf. Idem, 1967:190).

            The Dalā’il al‑nubuwwa  of the Shā`fi` ī traditionalist Amad ibn al‑Ḥusayn al‑Bayhaq ī (d. Nishābūr 458/1066) is "a seven‑volume compilation which encompasses a great mass of traditions extracted from earlier biographical and other ad īth collections" (Rubin, 1995:16; Robson, EI2 1:1130). 

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 al‑Juwayn ī (d.xxx/1085), the Imam al‑ the teacher of al‑Ghazāl ī 

 Dalā’il   (Testimonia, Proof texts.. ) and apologetic writings.

            As a result of contact with other faiths, works falling within the Dalā’il  literary genre  appeared at least from the time of 9th centry CE (Kister, CHAL. 1:355) some bearing the title al`ām al‑nubuwwah (Proofs of the Prophethood). They embody apologetic proofs of the Prophet Muhammad, stories of his miraculous and wonderful  deeds as compared and contrasted with those of pre‑Islamic Prophets. Among the earliest examples of this literary genre is the K. Tathb īt Dalā'il al‑Nubuwwah  (The Book of the Establishment of the Proofs of the Prophethood) by  al‑Jāi¥ (d.256/870) (see further Kister, CHAL. 1983/:355f).

            A Kitāb al‑Dalā’il  was written in proof of the Prophet and the Imams by `Abū al‑`Abbas Mal īk b.  Jāmi` al‑Ḥimyār ī [al‑Qumm ī] (d.c. 300/912). It is lost but has been cited by Ibn ÿāwūs  and in Majlis ī in his Biār  4:392‑442 (see Matar, 1993;Kohlberg, xxxx). .  

SEE PAPERS ‑‑

 `Abd al‑Jabbār

           The Shāfi`ī jurist and Mu`tazilite theologian al‑Qāḍi Abū’l‑Ḥasan b. Amad al‑Hamadānī (d. 41?/ 1035) known as `Abd al‑Jabbār wrote in 385/995 a work establishing the prophethood of Muhammad, the Tathbīt dalā’il al‑nubuwwa nahiyyinā Muhammad  as well as other important theological works and a refutation of Christianity ( Stern EI21:59‑60; Anawatī, ERel. 1:3‑4).

Pines, Stern and others have discussed whether this work reflects the influence of possibly pre‑Islamic, Judaeo‑Christian materials.  The section of Christians includes polemic against the three main Christian factions, Jacobites, Nestorians and Orthodox. The position of Paul is that of a manipulator of the primitive ecclesia who was crucified horizontally. Jesus was not God’s Son neither was he crucified. In this work Abd al‑Jabbār has it that the original Gospel given to Jesus is no longer in the possession  of Christians. Similar agruments were made Ibn Hazm in his Al‑Fiṣal fi’l‑milal.. `The Bahā’ ī leader Abd al‑Bahā’ also held to a form of this belief when he stated in one of his numerous alwā  that the lost original Gospel was in Hebrew (    ). The Gospel as cited here by `Abd al‑Jabbār  reckons that Jesus’ childhood sojurn in Egypt lasted for twelve years (Pines, 1966 [Jewish Christians] 51; cf. Idem, 1967:190).

            The Dalā’il al‑nubuwwa  of the Shā`fi` ī traditionalist Amad ibn al‑Ḥusayn al‑Bayhaq ī (d. Nishābūr 458/1066) is "a seven‑volume compilation which encompasses a great mass of traditions extracted from earlier biographical and other ad īth collections" (Rubin, 1995:16; Robson, EI2 1:1130). 

ADD DETAILS?

 

al-Bayhaqī, Abu Bakr Ahmad ibn al-Husayn, (458/1066).

The Dalā’il al‑nubuwwa  of the Shā`fi` ī traditionalist Amad ibn al‑Ḥusayn al‑Bayhaqī (d. Nishābur 458/1066) is "a seven‑volume compilation which encompasses a great mass of traditions extracted from earlier biographical and other adīth collections" (Rubin, 1995:16; Robson, EI2 1:1130). 

  • Dalā'il al-nubuwwa wa-ma'rifat aḥwāl sāḥib al-sharfa.  ed. 'Abd al-Mu'in Qal'ājī,  7 vols, Beirut, 1405/1985.

al-Ḥafiẓ al-Kabīr, Abi Na'īm al-Isfahānī (d. 430/ 1038).

  • Dalā'il al-nubuwwa. ed. Muhammad Rawwas and `Abd al-Barr `Abbas 2 vols. in 1. Beirut Dar al-Nafa'is  [1406/1986] 1419/1999. pp. 694 (incl. indexes).

Abū Bakr al-Firyābī

  • Dala'il al-nubuwwa. Beirut: Dar al-Ṭayba, 1980.

 

al-Sijistānī, Abu Ya`qūb Isḥāq ( ADD cent CE) Ismā'īlī  writer.

  • Kitāb Ithbāt al-Nubu'wwat.  al-Tawzīʻ, al-Maktabah al-Sharqīyah, c 1982.Beirūt, Lebanon: Dār al-Mashriq  (16, 201 pp., [4] p. of plates) : ill. ; 24 cm.

  • Kitāb Ithbāt al-Nubu'wwat. ed. and introd. `Ārif Tāmir., Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1966 + 1986. ISBN = 2-7214-7978-2. (201pp.).*

 

Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

  • Risala fi Ithbat al-nubuwwat li'l-Ibn Sina ("The Proof of the Prophecies") Edited with Introd and Notes Michael Marmura (= Philosophical Texts and Studies II).  2nd ed. Editiones Dar al-Nahar, 1991 (xx_80pp.).

*

Abu Ḥātim al-Rāzī (d. 322/934)

  • A`lām al-Nubuwwa ("The Peaks of Prophecy"). ed + Introduction Salah al-Sāwī and Ghulam Reza Aavani. Tehran: The Imperisl Iranian Academy of Philosophy, (Series on  Isma'ili Thought.  General Editor, Seyyed Hossein Nasr), 1397/1977 (xxx+2+350 + Index + Introd. Nasr. *

 

al‑Juwaynī (d.xxx /1085), the Imam al‑ the teacher of al‑Ghazāl ī 

 

Secondary Sources 

Stroumsa, Sarah,

  • `The Signs of Prophecy The Emegence and Early Development of a Theme in Arabic Theological Literature', HTR 78-1-2 (1985) 101-14.

Abu Zayd, Ν.Η.,

  • `Al-Sīra al-nabawiyya sira sha'biyya',  Majallat al-fiinūn al-shabiyya, 32-33 (June-December, 1991), 17-36